• Health benefits and risks of drinking coffee

    Health  benefits and risks of drinking coffee

    When people think of coffee, they usually think of its ability to provide energy boost. However, according to some research, it can also offer some other important health benefits, such as a lower risk of liver cancer, type 2 diabetes, and heart failure.

    Worldwide, experts estimate that people consume around 2.25 billion cups of coffee per day.

    Researchers  have looked at the benefits of drinking coffee for conditions such as  diabetes , cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and liver disease. There is evidence to support some, but not all, of these claims.

    Coffee contains a number of useful nutrients, including riboflavin ( vitamin  B-2), niacin (vitamin B-3),  magnesium ,  potassium , and various phenolic compounds, or  antioxidants . Some experts suggest that these and other ingredients in coffee can benefit the human body in various ways.

    This article looks at the health benefits of drinking coffee, the evidence supporting those benefits, and the risks of drinking coffee.

    5 benefits of drinking coffee

    The potential  health benefits  associated with drinking coffee include:

    In the sections below, we cover these benefits in more detail.

    1. Coffee and diabetes

    cups of coffeeCoffee may help prevent type 2 diabetes and some other conditions.

    Coffee may help protect against type 2 diabetes.

    In 2014,  researchers  who gathered data on over 48,000 people found that those who increased their coffee consumption by at least one cup per day over 4 years had an 11% lower risk of type 2 diabetes than those who did not increase their intake.

    A  meta-analysis  from 2017 concluded that people who drank four to six cups of either caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee each day appeared to have a lower risk of metabolic syndrome, including type 2 diabetes.

    2. Coffee and Parkinson's disease

    Various studies have shown that caffeine, which is present in coffee and many other beverages, may help protect against Parkinson's disease.

    One team concluded that men who drink over four cups of coffee per day might have a  fivefold  lower risk of Parkinson's than those who do not.

    In addition, the caffeine in coffee may help control movement in people with Parkinson's, according to one 2012  study .

    The findings of a 2017 meta-analysis suggested a link between coffee consumption and a lower risk of Parkinson's disease, even among people who smoke. This team also found that people who drink coffee may be less likely to experience  depression  and cognitive conditions such as Alzheimer's.

    There was  not enough evidence  to prove that drinking decaffeinated coffee would help prevent Parkinson's disease, however.

    3. Coffee and liver cancer

    Italian researchers found that coffee consumption lowers the risk of liver cancer by around  40% . Some of the results suggest that people who drink three cups per day might have a 50% lower risk.

    Also, a 2019 literature  review  concluded that “ coffee intake probably reduce the risk of liver cancer.”

     

    4. Coffee and other liver diseases

    A  meta-analysis  from 2017 concluded that consuming any type of coffee appeared to reduce the risk of liver cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and  cirrhosis .

    People who consume coffee may also have a lower risk of  gallstone  disease.

    In 2014, researchers looked at coffee consumption among people withprimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). These are autoimmune conditions that affect the bile ducts in the liver.

    They found that people with PSC were  more likely  to have a lower coffee intake than those without the condition. There was no evidence to suggest that coffee intake was different among people with or without PBC.

    Also, one 2014  study  suggested a link between coffee consumption and a lower risk of dying from nonviral hepatitis-related cirrhosis. The researchers suggest that drinking two or more cups of coffee every day might reduce the risk by 66%.

    5. Coffee and heart health

    One 2012  study  concluded that drinking coffee in moderation, or consuming around two 8-ounce servings per day, may protect against  heart failure .

    People who drank moderate amounts of coffee each day had an 11% lower risk of heart failure than those who did not.

    One 2017  meta-analysis  found that caffeine consumption may have at least a small benefit for cardiovascular health, including  blood pressure .

    Some studies, however, found higher levels of blood lipids (fat) and  cholesterol  in people who consumed more coffee.

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